At birth the pigment color-making iris cells aren’t fully developed. For this reason, a baby’s eyes are lightest at birth and gradually darken during the first 12 months as the iris thickens and takes on its genetically determined color.

The clarity of a new born baby’s vision corresponds to about 20/400 on the Snellen acuity chart, or is about 7-8 lines less accurate than that of an adult with good vision. During the first two months of life a baby can only focus on objects more than 10 inches or 25 cm from her face. A newborn baby seeks bold, large patterns, generally in black, red, and white, when she looks at objects around her and is able to perceive motion. By approximately 5 months the baby should have developed color vision.

Eye-hand coordination as early as 5-6 weeks, when a baby starts tracking objects in his near milieu and attempts to reach them with his hands, is a vital stimulator of vision development. At about 2 months, babies begin to focus their eyes on the faces of people around them, preferentially a parent. However, the infant’s eyes are not yet well-coordinated when he views objects distant or near and may sometimes give a cross-eyed appearance. Strabismus or inability of the visual pathways in the brain and the eye muscles to coordinate the simultaneous use of the eyes is normal in infants until about 3 months of age.

If signs of strabismus or cross-eyed looking are still present at this age, there is an increased risk for refractive asymmetry in later years. Basic motor skills such as hand-eye coordination at this stage of development and crawling as well as walking later in the first year of life can be affected by squint or strabismus. A visit to an optometrist or orthoptic specialist should be scheduled to assess the child’s binocular vision capacity if difficulty in coordinating eye movement still exists beyond the third month.

When children become more physically active and start to roll and lift their upper bodies, binocular vision and the ability to focus start developing more rapidly. The baby’s attempts to grab objects and move them to his mouth aids both the ocular muscles and visual pathways in strengthening visual acuity, resulting in vision as sharp as 20/40 at six months.

At this age, depth perception begins to evolve rapidly as the child’s ability to judge distances improves and general visual perceptual skills are refined. However, if the child has a squint during the first year of life, depth perception will not develop fully, even if the child’s motor ability progresses normally during the transition from crawling to walking. As many as 4% of children under the age of 6 have problems with eye misalignment, a problem that is not self-correcting.

Vision testing of infants is carried out by means of a preferential looking test in which a picture containing an object made up of black and white stripes and another image that is solid gray are shown to an infant. As the striped pattern is gradually made narrower, the baby’s tendency to favor one picture or the other is observed until a preference is no longer shown for either the solid object or the striped object.

Many pediatricians recommend that parents take photographs of children under the age of 6 without the red-eye correcting function to see that the child’s eyes reflect light equally. Dilated eye exams are carried out in some cases in babies younger than 2 months to check for any serious refractive problems. Another relatively common eye care problem in children is tear duct obstruction; congenital in approximately 12% of children, this condition is self-correcting in the majority of cases. Amblyopia or “lazy eye” is reduced vision in one eye that results from the brain’s inability to process visual information from one of the eyes. Strabismus and other visual anomalies that can give rise to amblyopia can be detected by means of any of the baby eye examinations described above.

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When a woman becomes pregnant there are several “How to” books in order to take care of your infant. Even if a new mother has not had experience there are different places she can go to find the answer. What about the person who is taking care of an infant or toddler while mother is away? Does the babysitter or nanny now how to do these things as well? Many parents check nannies and babysitters for their qualifications before hiring them. One thing parents may want to consider in hiring a babysitter or nanny is whether they can correctly change a diaper. Correctly using wipes is a part of this. Here are some hints for those who are new to taking care of infants even if you are not a mother: Be sure to wipe the child from front to back. This is done to prevent infection. Even if a child has only wet him or herself, it is still important to wipe for the infants hygiene. It is important to use hypoallergenic wipes for the baby and make sure the wipes are intended for wiping a baby’s bottom. Other wipes could cause a rash or other health problems for the child.

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Are you a mom who had trouble with undoing all the buttons and snaps in toddler pajamas or who had the hassle of putting on all those extra pants, sweater and baby wraps in your diaper bag? You always carried that extra load just in case the weather changed. Then worry no more because there is now a perfect solution for you. Baby leg warmers perfect for keeping your Baby’s Legs comfortable.

A loving stay-at-home mother created this wonderful idea and the idea grew. Because of her universal desire to keep her babies safe and warm, mothers and their little ones all over the world are now protected and warm all the time.

These baby leg warmers are truly amazing because of its one-size-fits-all character. Your baby can use them from the time of infancy. Not only are they the ultimate baby fashion statement, they also have a multitude of uses as well. They can be used to keep your baby’s legs and arms warm and be use to make changing diapers easier. In connection to this feature, potty training will be accomplished with baby leg warmers. Not only will your little ones be potty trained better but they will not suffer from the discomforts of a diaper rash. Caring moms everywhere need not to go around carrying loads of extra diapers or layers of clothes every time the temperature drops.

Baby Leg warmers will also lessen your fear of letting your babies crawl just about everywhere. Pull them up over your baby’s arms or legs. Your little baby’s knees will not get wounded or injured and he can crawl all he wants over carpets, grass and rough floor tiles. infant leg warmers go beyond normal care and protection. Watch your toddler discover his surroundings without fear that he will get hurt in the process of growing up. Babies everywhere are sure to be protected with Baby leg warmer. Try these marvels and breathe easier everyday because you know that your baby is taken care of.

Baby Leg warmers also makes the best birthday or Christmas presents for infants and for older kids. You may match these leg warmers with their favorite outfits. They make great gifts for babies since they can use these warmers until they grow up. Fit for all the holidays, Infant Leg warmers can add color and style to just about any ensemble. How about giving a bunch of these colored leg warmers to a family for them to have their own official color for a special occasion? Your toddler or baby will never get lost as you can easily spot him wearing brightly colored baby leg warmers.

Not only will these leg warmers keep your baby warm and cozy but these adorable wardrobe additions are comfortable enough to be worn in several ways and in various styles. These infant leg warmers come in five different materials to ensure the ultimate comfort. We are sure that you cannot pick just one for they come in an array of colors. Baby Leg warmers are simple yet stylish add-ons that are good enough for everyday use.

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Swine flu has been infecting millions of people around the world and it is a powerful diseases which could be a successor or a descendant of the previous deadly diseases like the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and the bird flu, which more and more people and babies have been suffered and died n the disease. They are the world’s dangerous diseases that has ever made and what concerns them is that, those people who are infected and been detected with the disease are traveling around, and more cases have been detected. Swine flu has the most cases affected than any other rare diseases, and until now, swine flu is still unstoppable to spread around the world.

One of the reasons why many people including babies are being infected by swine flu because of travel issues which swine flu carriers are traveling to their respective homes and people who are boarding the plane or a boat are infected as well, and being suspected for the possible swine flu virus. Airports have no idea how swine flu has been traveling across the world, and they have no control or some plans to cancel flights for safety measures regarding swine flu. Any management in different airports worldwide are just trying to let them go, because they do care about their money, and not the people’s health, except for the thermal scanners, which are detecting the passenger’s temperature, if they have flu symptoms, which the airport management in charge of the thermal scanner, are acting quickly to deliver the affected passenger to the hospital for some tests if the passenger is positive or negative of swine flu.

Airport management must conduct themselves a meeting or a conference regarding these issues which their area or country is affected by the wine flu virus, which of course starts with Mexico, the epicenter of the virus, and they should know that they have the power to cancel flights or travel for a short period of time in order to prevent the spread of the swine flu virus, but they don’t implemented it, and survey shows that most of the swine flu carriers came from those who have traveled in an aircraft over and over again. The management should always be ready in order for the safety of their passengers by providing medical treatments to them and to motivate those who are infected to observe self quarantine to help prevent spread of the deadly swine flu virus.

So if you care with your babies, then I suggest you cancel your trip if the destination is has swine flu pandemic, so you could avoid Swine Flu in Babies.

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“Your carpet is one of the largest surfaces in your home – and a hidden cause for illness. “

According to Dr. Jonathan Bernstein, professor of medicine at the University of Cincinnati, “Floor coverings are a major reservoir for indoor and outdoor allergens, including animal dander and dust mites.” He further adds, “And certain carpet materials give off gaseous volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, which can cause headaches and respiratory problems for susceptible people.”

We spend so much time cleaning our home and going out of our way in this health-conscious age to make sure we’re as fit and healthy as possible. This is doubly the case for allergy sufferers who feel like they’re walking on egg shells trying to avoid any allergens. So naturally it comes as a surprise that the thing we’re walking could be such a host for all things creepy and crawly.

What’s in Your Carpet?

Dust

Dust is the worst allergen in any household because it’s nearly invisible. What you see on your furniture is only a collected version of what’s constantly filtering through the air you breathe. However, there are some actually some simple measures to take which can help eliminate the dust in your home, such as:
• Getting rid of all carpets. If this is not possible, make sure you vacuum and clean your carpets regularly. And, if you’ve rugs on hardwood flooring, you need to remember to have them cleaned or washed frequently.
• Getting covers for mattresses and pillows. Covers can be cleaned easily, and can protect from dust build-up.
• Washing and steam cleaning sheets, drapes and blinds often.
Using a HEPA filter in your furnace, and making sure to change it regularly.

Pet Dander

Many more people are actually allergic to their pets than they realize since many allergies develop over time. There are some pet-friendly habits you can easily keep up with, including:
• Keep pets out of your bedroom by either closing the door or using baby gates.
• As soon as you’ve hugged or cuddled with your pet, clean your clothes with a lint roller. Go around and remove all fur and hair from furniture and blankets.
• Don’t have carpets if at all possible, but if you can’t get rid of them, make sure you vacuum regularly.

Pollen

Pollen isn’t only found outside – it can be brought indoors on clothing, hair and pets. Take extra care to keep it out of your house, especially during peak pollen season.
• Bathe pets often.
• Again, use a HEPA filter in your home, and make sure it’s changed frequently.
• Don’t hang bedding and clothes outside to dry.
• Don’t leave windows and doors open.

Mold

You can find mold in many places in your home, but chances are there will be a lot more mold in your house than you’re even aware of. Mold can grow in places that you can’t see, but can cause a lot of problems for those living in the home. One very common place for mold is in your carpet, especially under the carpet and in the padding where water may have leaked to undetected.

What You Can Do

Clean – It’s such a simple answer, right? But truly, cleaning is one of the main ways to just keep allergens and contaminates under control. One of the biggest mistakes people make is not cleaning their carpet, simply because it ‘looks’ clean. However looking clean and being clean are two different things.

You should ideally be vacuuming your home at least once a week – more if you have young kids or heavy traffic. Make sure you have a vacuum with a HEPA filter. One vacuum that you might want to consider is the Bissell 5770 Upright Vacuum Cleaner with multi-cyclonic technology, microban antimicrobal protection, and an airetight HEPA filtration system.

Low Pile Rugs vs. Plush Rugs – Because it’s more difficult to remove allergens from large plush rugs, those seeking to reduce in-home allergens may want to get low-pile rugs. Low-pile rugs have fewer allergens stuck to them – the same is true for natural materials. Try favoring rugs made of natural fibers such as cotton, hemp or sea grass.

Green Carpet – When you’re getting carpet for an entire room, it’s important to look for natural fibers, like wool, or synthetic products that have earned the Green Label or Green Label Plus from the Carpet and Rug Institute, which ensures that floor coverings have low-VOC emissions.

Two sides of the problem – Thorough cleaning helps control allergen levels, so vacuum at least once a week with a vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter. (Flip area rugs over and vacuum on the back, as well as the front.) Professionally clean wall-to-wall and area carpeting once a year. Some cleaning agents are now nontoxic, says Gene Cole, Ph.D., professor of environmental health science at Brigham Young University.

Air it – If you do end up with a floor covering that reeks, there is no need to panic. Most carpet gets rid of VOCs within several weeks, says Richard Shaughnessy, Ph.D., director of the Indoor Air Program at the University of Tulsa. (Just make sure that the adhesives used to install wall-to-wall carpet are no- or low-VOC.) To help, crack open a window to let in some fresh air. If you have a new area rug, store it in the garage or basement until the odor is gone.

Getting rid of allergens completely is impossible, but it’s very easy to get the problem under control if you have the right tools and if you’re well-informed on what to look for.

About the Guest Poster:Shireen Shah is an indoor air quality expert with www.Air-Conditioner-Home..Com, and can be reached at shireen@air-conditioner-home.com

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H1N1 virus also called as swine flu virus is wrecking havoc around the world. You would be indeed an ignoramus or have not been reading the newspapers if you never heard of this new strain of virus that has killed many people in Mexico and has spread to as many as 20 countries around the world. There have been alarms sounded across the world, as people and health agencies scramble to find a solution to this problem of pandemic proportions that has taken the world by storm. It is indeed high time that we gain some information about this virus and its symptoms.

Symptoms of swine flu are similar to but more severe than common flu. The common symptoms are runny nose, sore throat, cough, breathlessness, congestion, mucus formation, fever and temperature with chills and body pains. In some cases patients also display symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea which could complicate matters. In case of those above 65 years of age, the symptoms could get accentuated, as is the case with kids who are less than 5 years of age. Pregnant women and HIV positive folks also are at high risk with respect to the affliction by H1N1 or swine flu virus. Such categories of folks should be carefully watched over for signs or symptoms of swine flu and action taken immediately.

Swine flu is contagious or communicable. If you have any flu symptoms, do not leave home and please avoid contact with outsiders when you are under quarantine as you could spread the disease to them. If the symptoms of flu do not subside and indeed persist do wear a mask and go to visit a doctor. You also have to cover your sneezes and fomites that are the infection particles with tissue which has to be properly discarded too. Do remember that the virus can spread from day one of infection right up to day 7 so you cannot afford to be careless about yourself as you could jeopardize public health that way.

If your flu symptoms continue you have to contact a health official and get the proper tests done to determine nature of virus infection. If the flu becomes very widespread, testing may not be required and one can go in for treatment. There are specific anti viral drugs that are prescribed by medical practitioners in order to treat for H1N1 infection. Some of the most common drugs that are now well known all over the world are Tamiflu which is essentially oseltamivir and also zanamivir. It is best to get treatment early and as close to the date of infection which is typically within 2 days of infection. However treatment can be done even if detection of infection is later than 2 days from infection.

In case of swine flu infection aspirin and related drugs should be avoided by all means, as these could cause after effects or side effects like Reye syndrome which is very risky to human health. For teenagers, one must check that aspirin containing products are not contained in the prescribed medicine against swine flu. For kids medical supervision and advice is of the essence. If you see any symptoms of flu, do get yourself or your loved ones checked quickly to prevent higher severity of case of swine flu infection later.

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Impetigo is a bacterial infection that its most common victim tends to be children. It is a very contagious skin disease that children seem to catch from each other during their time in school and on the playground. Adults can also catch impetigo but kids seem especially susceptible to it because of their poor cleaning habits. Helping your child remember good grooming habits will go a long way to help them prevent catching impetigo and other similar bacterial infections.

Your child can catch impetigo many various ways. This includes having open sores and touching or being touched by an infected area of another child. The first sign of your child being infected may be around the nose and mouth areas of the body. Signs of infection can also show up around the hands and forearm parts of the body as well. Once they have caught the infection your child may aggravate the situation by scratching, which will spread the disease to other parts of their body. This can lead your child to start to spread the infection to other members of the family through normal household items. This includes towels, pillows, wash clothes, bed sheets and other everyday items. Once your child is infected you should pull them out of school and go to the doctors to receive antibiotic treatments. It’s important that you try to help your child limit the spread of infection on their body. The smaller the amount of infection the better the chance that an antibacterial ointment will do the trick of curbing the disease. If it starts to spread creating a larger area of infection or to other parts of the body there is a good chance that your doctor will prescribe pills or some sort of liquid to help fight the infection.

The best way to fight this infection is to teach your kids how not to catch this or similar diseases in the first place. The biggest key in this fight is to reinforce proper hygiene at home and at school. This starts with teaching your children to always wash their hands when they come from outside playing with their classmates. It is also a good idea to teach your children to avoid contact with open cuts, scratches and bruises that form on other children. Sometimes children are fascinated with scars and bruises and will likely be curious when they see them on other children. A good amount of time this curiosity leads to touching which is never a good ideal. Instill in your children that, if they happen to accidentally touch a fellow classmates cut or bruise, that they should wash their hands as quickly as possible. This is a good idea for more than just avoiding impetigo. Your child should also be aware of what to do if they themselves receive a bruise or cut on the playground or in class. Instruct them to tell a teacher or a nurse about the cut or bruise. While they are being attended to, they should not be afraid to ask the teacher or nurse to wash the cut right away, before the bandaged is placed on top of the cut.

In conclusion as a parent your child will not remember to follow these rules unless they are constantly reminded of them on a semi regular basis. The practice of good hygiene starts at home. It is a good ideal that this philosophy becomes embedded into your children. This will save you as a parent a lot of restless itchy nights.

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When a baby is drinking from either a breast or a bottle they are going to be swallowing a small amount of air. The air that is swallowed is going to get trapped in the baby’s little tummy and will either begin to cause the baby to experience a great deal of pain or cause the baby to throw up the milk that they just consumed.

It is for this very reason that you should learn how to burp a bay before either of these things becomes an issue.
When you have a newborn they are going to be pretty much going to be looking to you to do everything for them. You can mot simply look at your baby and tell them to burp or think you can burp in front of your new born and then expect your baby to be able to copy what you have just done.

Keeping all of this in mind the following are some ways to make burping a baby very simple.

You first need to cover your shoulder with some type of cloth whether that is a burping cloth or a towel. Now you should ho0ld your new born against your chest with your tummy facing you and their either near your shoulder or just slightly above your shoulder. Now you should very lightly tap them on there back with your whole hand. Doing this is going to make the air that is trapped inside your baby’s tummy travel upward far enough so that your baby will be able to burp. If you gently rub your babies back you are likely to be able to produce the same results.

Another method to burp your baby is the following. You need to first lay some type of cloth over your knees, keeping your knees held together. Now very gently put your baby on your knees tummy down and then gently tap your baby on the back until they are able to burp. One again rubbing your baby’s back can often produce the very same results.

Another position that can help your baby burp after eating starts with holding your baby in a sitting position. You need to have your had under their chin with your baby leaning forward slightly. You need to be absolutely sure that your hand is supporting your newborns head by their chin and not around the neck. Now all you need to do is very lightly pat them on the back and wait for your baby to burp.

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As soon as you discover that you are pregnant you begin to see lots of things as cute and adorable. Everything related to babies becomes incredibly exciting and you begin to wonder what exactly you should be putting into your diaper bag to welcome the arrival of your precious newborn. As soon as your baby is born there will be two things that are basically constantly attached to you and that would be your baby and your diaper bag.

Here are several things that you are going to want to keep stocked in your diaper bag.

Diapers-ok this is a pretty obvious addition to any diaper bag but you should have at least 10 diapers packed in your diaper bag at all times.

Wipes-Wipes are essential for cleaning up your child after a dirty diaper. Wipes are also great for cleaning up runny noses and wiping off dry little hands and areas that your child may touch that may be full of germs..

A change of clothes-When you have a baby accidents are almost sure t happen so you should pack away no less then two extra outfits because you never know when then is going to be a diaper leak or some spit up.

Pacifiers-These can be life savers when you are running errands and you need to soothe a little one.

Bottle-Having and extra bottle packed in your diaper bag is a smart move in case you are no where near a sink to clean the bottle that you are currently using.

Travel Formula-Most brands of formula come in travel size packages for when you are traveling with your little one. You should also pair up travel formula with some bottle water for even more ease while travelling.

Toys-Keep a toy or two in your diaper bag to amuse your baby when you are out and about and need to talk to someone or get something done.

Medicine-Thinks like baby Advil, gas drops and baby orajel are all must haves.

Each and every mother is going to need to decide what is best for them and their baby however these are some of the most common items that all mothers put in their diaper bags.

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You have read practically every book on baby…what name you can give him or her, what to do when baby does this or does that, what symptoms to watch out for, how to raise a brighter and more emotionally intelligent child, etc. But nothing, absolutely nothing, can prepare you for the reality of having a child. You realize that you still have so much to learn…and you will discover that with each new day, you have learned something new about your baby, and in fact, even about yourself.

As a brand new parent, you will always panic, especially when your week-old baby starts to cry. And nothing that you do seems to make baby stop crying. Here are ten time-tested tips on how to wipe your baby’s physical and emotional troubles away. Because somehow, when your baby’s troubles are wiped away, especially in the first three months, your own anxieties and troubles seem to disappear too.

1. Let daddy play an active role in caring for your newborn baby. It is often very reassuring to know that someone is more nervous and anxious than you. And very often, he provides a welcome new touch for baby.
2. Crying is your baby’s way of talking…expressing a physical or emotional need. Always answer…do not ignore her.
3. Rubbing your baby’s stomach with baby oil is a good way to soothe her. Rub her gently with love and care.
4. When baby is awake, do not be afraid to hold her against your shoulder. This is especially useful, after feeding the baby to avoid gas in the stomach.
5. Talk to your baby; sing to your baby…especially as you transfer her from one position to another. Your voice is a source of comfort and reassurance to her. Remember also, that until your baby is about eight months old, she cannot control her head or muscles. So always support her body all the time. Make sure her head does not flop or her limbs dangle.
6. Indulge your child with physical play. You can do the following with a three-month old child…let her face the world, sit her astride your hip, rock her to and fro.
7. When baby cries, especially in the first month, it is often because she is hungry. You are not spoiling her. In the uterus, she was continually being fed.
8. Top and tail means cleaning and refreshing your baby. Using a bowl of cooled boiled water and baby cotton wipes:
   • Wipe each eye from the nose upwards.
   • Wipe the outer part of the ear. For the inner part, use cotton wipes.
   • Wipe your baby’s face of any milk remnants. Wipe around mouth and nose.
   • Wipe neck creases.
   • Wipe under her arms. Uncurl her fists and wash.
   • Wipe your baby’s nappy area. Always wipe a girl’s genitals from front to back. Never pull back a boy’s foreskin.
9. You can bathe your baby everyday. But if baby does not seem to enjoy a bath in the beginning, you can initiate her into enjoying a bath by topping and tailing her, as explained in No.8.
10. Use baby cotton wipes in applying lotion, cream or baby oil on your baby’s sensitive skin.

Yes, as parents, you have the most wonderful job in the world; that of shaping a human being. And the most remarkable thing about this job is that it is not about doing everything right, or knowing every rearing skill, or using the right technique, or having all the answers. Just the love, caring and the effort to do your best is enough or your children to sustain them through their growing years and throughout their lifetime.

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