Specific phobias can interfere significantly in a daily life of the child. The prognosis is that they tend to remit spontaneously over time periods ranging between 1 and 4 years. Some examples of Phobic Disorders in Children are: the darkness phobia, phobia of dogs or phobia to doctors. The phobia of the dark can cause a strong anxiety in the evening at bedtime and tantrums and refusals to sleep outdoors. The phobia of dogs can lead a child to use paths longer or unnecessary detours to get home or to school. The phobia can prevent doctors’ preventive controls, as well as hamper the administration of beneficial treatments.

One of phobic disorders in children, phobia school refusal refers to a child experiencing prolonged to go to school for some kind of fear associated with the school situation. It is rare and tends to occur between 3-4 years or 11-12 years. It affects more boys than girls. His start in young children is sudden, while in older adolescents and is more gradual, more intense and serious, with the worst prognosis. From a clinical perspective, the school phobia is usually preceded or accompanied by physical symptoms of anxiety (tachycardia, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, pallor, nausea, vomiting, headache) and a cognitive anticipation of negative consequences associated to school as well as a very dependent relationship with the mother and the proliferation of nonspecific fears (the dark, the noises). The result is the avoidance behavior. School phobia is associated with other clinical disorders such as depression and low self-esteem.

Some predisposing factors of school phobia are the existence of anxiety disorders or depression among parents, school-related factors such as fear of a teacher or negative life events such as prolonged illness, or separation from parents. In summary, the school phobia is a complex phenomenon that may indicate the existence of a specific phobia (fear of being injured on playground games), a social phobia (fear of being ridiculed), an obsessive-compulsive disorder (fear to be fouled) or a separation anxiety itself.

The disorder is characterized by avoidance of excessive avoidance of contact with unknown persons for a period exceeding 6 months and interferes with social relationships with peers or school playground. All this is coupled with a clear desire for affection and acceptance of oneself before others. This disorder is diagnosed only after 2.5 years as at an earlier age may be simply the normal evolutionary fear strangers to the child. These children tend to be insecure, shy, low self-confidence and little assertive. Following the Phobic Disorders in children, they may have difficulty in acquiring the social skills needed in the process of adaptation to an environment that is changing dramatically at this age. Social isolation and depression can be the consequences of this disorder.

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Phobic and Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Clinician’s Guide to Effective Psychosocial and Pharmacological Interventions (Hardcover)
by Thomas H. Ollendick (Editor), John S. March (Editor) “Diagnostic issues lie at the heart of contemporary scientific approaches to psychopathology…

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Do you know a child who will never try new foods and is constantly fussy about what he or she does eat? Seeing that at least half, if not more, of all toddlers are known for acting like this, chances are the answer is yes. Fussy eating or commonly known as Selective Eating Disorder (SED) is an issue that all parents have to deal with, and one that can be difficult to overcome. However, it is possible to train your child to be more open over time.

Part of addressing fussy eating problems in babies / Children involves establishing healthy eating habits in your children early in life. This also prevents issues like obesity and eating disorders as they grow up. There are a variety of methods you can use in introducing your child to new foods. One is simply to keep trying. Many parents stop trying to get their children to eat something new after they have refused it four or five times. As frustrating as this can be, keep working at it. You might have to try as many as ten times to get your child to give in.

Another effective strategy to handle fussy eating in baby is to try and get into your child’s head and make food fun for them. Children love color, so pick healthy snacks that are bold and bright, such as pieces of fruits and vegetables, and cheese with crackers. Explain the health benefits of eating good food in terms they can understand, tell them it will help them endure longer play time, and be able to run longer distances.

Remember that your child often learns his own behaviors directly from your actions. If you are unwilling to try new foods yourself, chances are your child will act the same. Also don’t assume that your child’s tastes will be exactly the same as yours. If you like a food, don’t force it on them, assuming they will share your feelings, and even you don’t care for a food yourself, offer it to your child, as there is a chance it could become a favorite of his.

Part of the concern over fussy eating in babies comes with a fear that your child might not be eating enough; but this probably isn’t a big issue. So long as your child is healthy and energetic, he is getting what he needs to eat. Children tend to eat small amounts over time as opposed to having three square meals daily, and their little handfuls of food add up quickly. If it helps, keep an eye on your child’s height and weight and check with your pediatrician regularly. However, unless he isn’t feeling well, a child will almost always eat what he needs.

Another good tips on understanding fussy eaters baby is Relax about mealtime. Children know when they are hungry and full, so your main concern should be with what they eat, not how much. Offer as many foods as you can to your child and use your own willingness to eat new things to encourage them to become adventurous themselves. If you keep at it, it is likely that you and your child will eventually share a love for certain foods.

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ADHD, or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, is a condition characterized by developmentally inappropriate impulsivity, inattention, and in some cases, hyperactivity. The behavior can affect academic performance in school, as well as relationships with other people.

It is still not known what causes ADHD, but research has shown that it is a neurological condition. An array of biological factors may bring it about. ADHD has a tendency to run in families, so it may be hereditary. Just as there is no identified cause, there is no cure for it. It can only be managed. It is a lifetime thing but it does not mean that the future is bleak for people with ADHD.

Children with ADHD can grow up to be as successful as anyone else. Suspected to have had the disorder were Albert Einstein, Amadeus Mozart, Thomas Edison, and Benjamin Franklin. People with ADHD are more creative than other individuals because they don’t feel boxed in by convention. They are free to think. They can become very good painters, writers, storytellers, chefs, and musicians, among other things.

But there is the other side of the coin. When not properly guided and treated, people with ADHD are prone to school failure, depression, disorderly conduct, failed relationships, and substance abuse. This is because other people regard them as weird, lazy, crazy, or bad – and they begin to think that they are.

It becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. They start believing they are “bad” when in fact they just have ADHD. That is why it is important to diagnose the condition early on.

Guiding your child

1. Have structures at home. There should be rules to follow and consequences for inappropriate behavior. For them to know what impulsivity means, ADHD children have to learn lessons on consequences. There should be no special treatment. The method of discipline should be the same for all. Firmness is important, as well as consistency and constancy.

2. Teach them to organize. ADHD children cannot focus on one thing. Introduce them early to planners. Give them a desk, a corner, or a space all their own. They need routine, so keep a schedule. Warn them beforehand if the routine will change.

3. Teach them how to read other people’s behavior. Because they are inattentive, ADHD children may not understand what another person is trying to tell them. They may not know that a frown may mean disapproval. They may not even notice the frown at all. Help them become sensitive to others by taking note of other people’s body language.

4. Teach them to say no to others early on. Because they are impulsive, they have a tendency to say yes all the time; they don’t think about consequences.

5. Teach them to focus. Watching TV or playing on the computer by himself will not help the ADHD child, especially if he is below eight years old. They see colorful images changing fast, and will find books dull since there are no colorful, fast-changing pictures. Be wary of getting them hyper-focused, though. Give them cues to let them know that they are spending too much time on a detail and that they should move on.

6. Steer them toward careers that would bring out the best in them, like fine arts, advertising, culinary arts, and music. Their positive traits can be celebrated in creative endeavors. Don’t put them in accounting, engineering, or architecture where they have to sit down and do heavy planning and focusing.

It can’t be denied that living with ADHD is challenging. But however trying it can become, you should remain your children’s most ardent supporter. Don’t see it as a disorder; see it as a difference. Your children just look at things differently. If properly nurtured and guided, their traits can be tapped and they may actually change the world by their potential to do so much.

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